Ba people, where are you from?

In order to get new materials that everyone can sit down and explore and re-examine the history of the Palestinians, researchers from all walks of life have come to mind the importance of archaeology. That is to say, we hope that there will be new breakthroughs in archaeology and come up with new evidence to solve this problem. But this is also a responsibility, we should live up to expectations and strive to make achievements in this regard. However, this has to have opportunities. It requires a large-scale earthmoving project. It is possible to unearth more historical relics for us to conduct research. Because archaeology is inseparable from the remains of material culture, without material evidence, it is impossible to comment freely on historical issues.

In the past, we cooperated with many earth-moving projects in Jianghan area. The investigation and excavation of a large number of Chu cultural sites and Chu tombs in the central area of ​​Chu State, and the excavation of more Chu cultural relics, thus creating favorable conditions for the study of Chu culture, set off the Chu The upsurge of cultural studies has largely rewritten the history of the ancient civilizations of the Yangtze River basin and even China. The glorious Chu culture that we usually talk about, or the profound and profound Chu culture, is based on the large number of Chu cultural relics unearthed in recent decades and the major achievements of its research. Similarly, for the history of the early Palestinians and their Pakistani culture in China, it is necessary to have a large number of Ba Wenwu unearthed in order to make a correct explanation and conclusion based on the records of historical documents and local folklore.

The excavation of Ba Wenwu was more common in Sichuan and Chongqing. There were also many in Hubei, Xiangxi and Northeastern Yunnan, but it was mainly in the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties. The early Pakistani cultural relics of the ancient times before the Warring States were mainly unearthed in the Qingjiang River Basin in the western Hubei and the Three Gorges in the Yangtze River in the past decade or two. After examining and studying the unearthed relics of dozens of early Pakistani cultural sites, we found that they all have a strong local color, which is clearly the indigenous culture of this region. In particular, the early Palestinian cultural relics in the middle and lower reaches of the Qingjiang River are generally relatively simple, with little influence from foreign cultures. For example, there is a cultural site called incense burner stone. More than 10,000 pieces of Ba Wenwu were unearthed. The accumulation of strata and the time is very clear. It is a typical site of early Ba culture. It clearly tells us: early The pottery group of the Ba culture is different from the pottery of the Xia Shang culture in the Central Plains of the North. Some of the main pottery such as the flat bottom or the bottom of the drum, the round lip and the flat mouth, the open mouth, the bottom of the drum, the ventral bottom cup and the round The shape of the lip and the sleek ring-shaped ring-shaped bean are similar to those of the Central Plains Xia Shang culture. The combination and style of the pottery are unique and have a strong local color.

There are a large number of animal bones, fish bones and fishing tools in the early Pakistani cultural sites, which are different from the cultural sites in the Central Plains. This main source of income for fishing and hunting may be determined by the geographical conditions and ecological environment of the area. Because of the dense forests and wild beasts in western Hubei, the Qingjiang River and the Yangtze River have long flowing water and abundant fish. The geographical conditions suitable for farming are not as good as those in the Central Plains area and the Jianghan Plain. Therefore, the early Ba people can only adapt to local conditions and vigorously develop the fishing and hunting economy.

In the early Pakistani cultural sites, the Shang and Zhou bronzes, which were not as abundant as the northern Zhongyuan area, were scattered only in the middle and lower reaches of the Qingjiang River. There were pig-shaped copper urns and bronze and imitation copper pottery in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. This may be related to this. The area is less related to copper production. However, the oracle bones and pottery seals unearthed here are very advanced. They are not only the oracle bones made from the scapula of the tortoise shell and the cow, but also the large amount of bones made by the skulls of large fish. This is what the northern Central Plains did not have. It is the oracle bone in China. Discover new discoveries in history. The oracle bones unearthed here are slightly earlier than the central Zhongyuan area. For example, the oracle bones unearthed from the Yin Ruins in the Central Plains of the North is the late Shang Dynasty, while the oracle bones unearthed from the Xiangjiang censer stone ruins in western Hubei have both the late Shang Dynasty and the early Shang Dynasty.

As for the unearthed pottery seal, it is the earliest found in China. It was the beginning of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the history of the origin of China’s seals was several hundred years earlier. This can also fully explain that the civilization of the early Palestinians in China is relatively high, and it is no worse than the civilization of the northern Yellow River Basin. In addition, the early Ba people's choice of the post-mortem burial place is also different from that of the Central Plains. According to the situation of the Ba people cemetery exposed in the Qingjiang River Basin in western Hubei, most of them are cliff burials and no funeral objects. For example, the two early Ba people cemeteries exposed in the Changyang incense burner stone site are all cliff burials. A two-week cemetery of the Ba people exposed in Shentan Bay near Changyang River is also a cliff burial. A total of six or seven floors are buried from morning to night. The total number of adults, children and infants is more than 120. . Of course, there are exceptions. Although there are as many as 30 early Bajia bones on the ruins of the Changping Hot Spring opposite to Changyang Hot Springs, it is not a cliff burial, but it is a burial place that belongs to the second burial. From the original cliff burial site, the situation is unknown. Looking at the many cemeteries of the early Ba people, the cliff burial is obviously its characteristics. It is no wonder that the tombs of the late Ba people in various places have been mostly suspended and bowed, which was probably derived from the development of the early Ba people's cliff burial.

Now, let's take a look at the origins of the Palestinians in conjunction with archaeological materials. Which of the above is more reasonable?

First of all, so far, we have not seen the discovery of early Ba people's materials in the Hanshui area of ​​southern Shaanxi and the Yueyang area of ​​northern Hunan. As everyone knows, it is difficult to convince people without the support of archaeological materials. Secondly, it is the relevant literature records of these two regions, and it only mentions the activities of ancient Ba people, but it is not very specific.

As for Wushan in the border area of ​​Hubei and Chongqing, the reason is not very sufficient. Although Li Xian in the early Tang Dynasty quoted "Shiben" in the "Nan Man Biography", "Junzhi first, so the witch", one is not seen in other literature, one is to interpret it as a place name or a family name, it may not be correct. According to the "Shan Hai Jing", Wu Peng, Wu Zhi, Wu Yang, Wu Lu, Wu Fan, Wu Xiang, Wu Xian, Wu Yi, Wu Pan, Wu Gu, Wu Zhen, Wu Li, Wu Xie, Wu Luo Waiting for more than 10 wizards (the gods or god doctors), "Witch" may also be such a wizard. Before the union of the five surnames, there was no monarch, and all the ghosts and gods, that is, the witch culture. Does "World" mean this? If it refers to a wizard who believes in witch culture, it is different from the name of Wushan. Even if "Witch" refers to the name of the clan, it should be a member of the Ba people. It can be said that it is okay to only mention the person who believes in the witch culture.

From the above, it seems that the origin of the Ba people, only the Qing Dynasty in the Qingjiang River (ie, the ancient Yishui) said that it can be consistent with the archaeological materials. Because the legend of Qi Jun was first recorded in "Shi Ben", the contents of "Shi Ben" are the conditions of the ancient times before the Qin Dynasty. It must not be said that it was the content of the late Warring States period, especially the case of the war between the monarch and the goddess. It seems that there is also a historical shadow of the primitive social matriarchal clan. Even in the case of the combination of the five surnames of the same family, such as Fan, Ribe, Ahn, and Zheng, the latest is the military alliance period at the end of the primitive society before the Xia Dynasty.

From the age of the accumulation of the seventh floor of the early Bajiao ruins of the incense burner stone, it is just the summer period of the end of the primitive society, which is quite a cultural heritage of Longshan and the early Shang Dynasty. This should be the martial arts of the Ba people. At the end of the primitive society, it should be at the end of the primitive society, which is basically in line with the era reflected in the storyline of the Ba people. Therefore, although there are many places in the origin of the Ba people, the location that really meets or is close to the actual history is not the Qingjiang area in western Hubei. As far as the archaeological materials unearthed from the typical Ba cultural sites have been verified, only Qingjiang Changyang has nowhere else.

After the settlement of the origin of the Ba people, there is no disagreement about the original direction of the Ba people. If some think that the Pakistani government has gone out of the red hole, it is along the ancient Yishui (now Qingjiang), while the other is the opposite. Whether it is right or wrong, whether it is possible to accurately understand the prospects of Yanyang and Yijun, which were built by the goddess tribe, is the key.